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What is democracy?

Where was democracy first practiced, how is democracy better than other forms of government, why does democracy need education.

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Democracy is a system of government in which laws, policies, leadership, and major undertakings of a state or other polity are directly or indirectly decided by the “people,” a group historically constituted by only a minority of the population (e.g., all free adult males in ancient Athens or all sufficiently propertied adult males in 19th-century Britain) but generally understood since the mid-20th century to include all (or nearly all) adult citizens.

Studies of contemporary nonliterate tribal societies and other evidence suggest that democracy, broadly speaking, was practiced within tribes of hunter-gatherers in prehistoric times. The transition to settled agricultural communities led to inequalities of wealth and power between and within communities and hierarchical nondemocratic forms of social organization. Thousands of years later, in the 6th century BCE, a relatively democratic form of government was introduced in the city-state of Athens by Cleisthenes .

States with democratic governments prevent rule by autocrats, guarantee fundamental individual rights, allow for a relatively high level of political equality, and rarely make war on each other. As compared with nondemocratic states, they also better foster human development as measured by indicators such as health and education , provide more prosperity for their citizens, and ensure a broader range of personal freedoms.

The hallmark of democracy is that it permits citizens to participate in making laws and public policies by regularly choosing their leaders and by voting in assemblies or referenda . If their participation is to be meaningful and effective—if the democracy is to be real and not a sham—citizens must understand their own interests, know the relevant facts, and have the ability to critically evaluate political arguments. Each of those things presupposes education .

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democracy , literally, rule by the people. The term is derived from the Greek dēmokratia , which was coined from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”) in the middle of the 5th century bce to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states , notably Athens .

(Read Madeleine Albright’s Britannica essay on democracy.)

The etymological origins of the term democracy hint at a number of urgent problems that go far beyond semantic issues. If a government of or by the people—a “popular” government—is to be established, at least five fundamental questions must be confronted at the outset, and two more are almost certain to be posed if the democracy continues to exist for long.

(1) What is the appropriate unit or association within which a democratic government should be established? A town or city? A country? A business corporation ? A university? An international organization ? All of these?

(2) Given an appropriate association—a city, for example—who among its members should enjoy full citizenship? Which persons, in other words, should constitute the dēmos ? Is every member of the association entitled to participate in governing it? Assuming that children should not be allowed to participate (as most adults would agree), should the dēmos include all adults? If it includes only a subset of the adult population, how small can the subset be before the association ceases to be a democracy and becomes something else, such as an aristocracy (government by the best, aristos ) or an oligarchy (government by the few, oligos )?

(3) Assuming a proper association and a proper dēmos , how are citizens to govern? What political organizations or institutions will they need? Will these institutions differ between different kinds of associations—for example, a small town and a large country?

(4) When citizens are divided on an issue, as they often will be, whose views should prevail, and in what circumstances? Should a majority always prevail, or should minorities sometimes be empowered to block or overcome majority rule?

(5) If a majority is ordinarily to prevail, what is to constitute a proper majority? A majority of all citizens? A majority of voters? Should a proper majority comprise not individual citizens but certain groups or associations of citizens, such as hereditary groups or territorial associations?

(6) The preceding questions presuppose an adequate answer to a sixth and even more important question: Why should “the people” rule? Is democracy really better than aristocracy or monarchy ? Perhaps, as Plato argues in the Republic , the best government would be led by a minority of the most highly qualified persons—an aristocracy of “ philosopher-kings .” What reasons could be given to show that Plato’s view is wrong?

(7) No association could maintain a democratic government for very long if a majority of the dēmos —or a majority of the government—believed that some other form of government were better. Thus, a minimum condition for the continued existence of a democracy is that a substantial proportion of both the dēmos and the leadership believes that popular government is better than any feasible alternative . What conditions, in addition to this one, favour the continued existence of democracy? What conditions are harmful to it? Why have some democracies managed to endure, even through periods of severe crisis, while so many others have collapsed?

393 Democracy Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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• Democratic and Undemocratic Elements of the Constitution The judicial arm, also known as the Supreme Court, functioned to establish the jurisdiction of particular cases under the US judicial system; the disposition of convicted prisoners; and the production of evidence and testimonies as […]
• Public Speaking in a Democracy Public speaking actually matters for a democracy, because it is a good and sometimes the only chance to save democracy that is eroding now, to improve communicative skills, and to underline the problems that prevent […]
• Socialism & Democracy: Fundamental Believes and Concepts The most distinct difference between the socialism and democracy is that in socialism we are mostly focusing our energies on the governance of the economic activities and the economic systems of a given country while […]
• Modernization and Democratization This paper gives an in-depth analysis of modernization as it tries to relate it to the concept of democratization. In politics, the term democratization refers to the transition from an authoritarian government to one that […]
• American Government, Balancing Democracy and Rights The growth of population, diseases, commerce, and dreams for new treasures, led to the voyages of Christopher Columbus into the new colonies leading to the establishment of new English settlements, French settlements, and the Spanish […]
• Imperialism and Globalization In spite of the fact that Haiti is already past the threatening state of affairs that it experienced at the times of imperialism, it still survives the aftereffects left by the reign of the latter.
• What True Majority Democracy Is About? However, in a democratic society, the fear stems from the fact that the majority use their power to suppress the freedoms and rights of the minority.
• Democracy and Its Types Democracy is type of political administration in which the governing individuals of a country are voted in by the people. On the other hand, the semi direct democracy is a type of democracy which contains […]
• Democracy: Definition, Types, Systems and Benefits Democracy is a type of governance where people participate in making laws and rules; “it is the political regime where people will become the law of the country”.
• Democrat or Republican: Political Party Preferences This is an indication that the Democrats have the interest of the people at heart as opposed to the leaders of the Republican Party.
• The Possibility of Democracy and Development Within the African State This infiltration of arms and weapons into the hands of civilians undermines development and democracy in the continent. This attempt to impose the whole concept of democracy, as it were, in America in a single […]
• An Analysis of Kirkpatrick Jennet’s Uncivil Disobedience: Studies in Violence and Democratic Politics In the case of John Brown and other militant abolitionists, the real picture is that they had failed to allow the responsible institutions to handle the matter of abolition within the limits of law and […]
• America and Democracy, at Home and Abroad, During and just after the First World War Democracy is a kind of regime in which all eligible citizens are allowed to contribute to the decisions of the state.
• Modernization and Its Correlation With Democracy The thesis statement In order to understand modernization-democracy link, the advantages and disadvantages concerning the issues’ interdependence, it is necessary to analyze the reasons of the processes of modernization and the ways they transformed democratic […]
• Modernization and Democracy This aspect and the time lag factor concerning the onset of the process of modernization have led to the cold reception of democratic transformation in some countries.
• The Democratic Party vs. the Republican Party as Organizing Political Structures The Democratic Party and the Republican Party have many differences in their colours, stands, philosophies, and symbols, but they are united by one strong goal that is to make the United States of America the […]
• Democracy in the Middle East The openness of democracy has many advantages and is the principal reason that has continued to push many nations to fight for democratic leadership. These non-democratic governments are aware of the power of the freedom […]
• The Rise of Democracy But it was only after the occurrence of World War 1 that women in United States and Great Britain attained the right to vote in parliamentary elections.
• Internet and Democracy in US In effect, there have been various sites established, that serve the interests of political partisans in different ways.instance, there are sites blogs that contain various pieces of information vital to the public; e-mail sites for […]
• Democracy in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam This country has a long way to go and it has to learn from Indonesia in order for it to improve the state of its democracy.
• Modern American History: In Pursuit of Democracy The modern situation in the world and the latest events which made the USA interfere into the life of its country and other nations allows us to look at the issue critically and to point […]
• Does Political Participation Challenge Democracy or Enhance It? A certain control is required to enhance political participation and define its level by means of which it is possible to consider citizens’ opinions and promote the worth of government; in other words, political participation […]
• Democracy Concepts and Principles The proponents of democracy argue that, through democracy, citizens are accorded the freedom to participate on issues concerning their country enjoying a peaceful coexistence as the rule of law applies.
• The Spread of Democracy The revolutionary shift particularly in Western Europe in the last century intended to advocate for the recognition of the rights of the individuals from the ruling elite and in the process give more power to […]
• Fake Democracy and Patriotism: “Give Me Liberty” by Naomi Wolf It also define the battle plan that the American citizens would use in ensuring that they fight back and regain back the rule of laws defined in the American constitution that enhance the liberty that […]
• Africa Regional Conference: Should Democracy be promoted in Africa? Therefore, Tunisian revolution has demonstrated that democracy is the cornerstone for sustainable development of governments not only in Africa, but also in the entire world.
• New “Act on Democracy and Human Rights in Belarus” Passed by the US Congress The Act calls for the immediate and unconditioned release of all imprisoned politicians including those who were detained in the repression after the elections and rejected the results of the fraudulent elections.”Act on Democracy and […]
• The Main Threat to the Modern Democracy The problem of people’s lack of knowledge about the contemporary situation in the politics, government and law bothers the conscientious part of society.
• Becoming a Citizen in a Democratic Society The government has not helped the situation as it has denied the parents the opportunity to discipline the children by allowing children to report cases of punishment to the police.
• Social Capital Contribution to Democratic Renewal The main idea of the article is that different religious communities and organizations play important role in the political life of the USA.
• Democracy in the Aristophane’s Work “The Acharnians” To recap it all, it is apparent that democracy can emerge as a viable form of government as Aristophanes points out in the play.
• The Democracy Promotion in the Middle East by US The two main reasons for this are; democracy has been a key principle in the neo-conservative world view and to contribute to the peaceful resolution of the conflict in the region.
• Was Saddam Hussein’s execution an essential point in establishing democracy in Iraq? Clearly, Saddam’s execution exposed the misplaced efforts of the U.S.in bringing peace to Iraq. From the above analysis, it becomes clear that Saddam’s execution under the auspices of the U.S.’ puppet regime in Iraq has […]
• Influence of the American Media in Promotion of Democratic values in the United States of America The 2008 elections was therefore a litmus test for the United States as a society and levels of tolerance within the society.
• Euro Zone Crisis: Does it contribute to Democratic Deficit? Start of the Euro Zone Euro Zone was established through the signing of the treaty of Maastricht in 1992 by the fifteen member states of the European Union.
• Democracy Movement in the Middle East Objectives of this Study The main objectives of this report are; To study and analyse the evolution of the democracy movement in the Middle Eastern countries.
• Success or Failure of Democracy In terms of equality in democracy, Tocpeuville observes that this becomes the form of government in a democracy since no one becomes right than the other.
• What Makes Democracy Succeed or Fail? The success or failure of democracy is determined by the state, civil society and the public sphere. The public sphere is a key component of democracy because it represents the opinions of the people.
• American Political Culture History They made several paintings on nature and depicted the beauty of the natural features that were in the United States. The political representatives in various positions are expected to make laws and also safeguard the […]
• Government and Democracy In addition, if America declares the Election Day a national holiday, people will have time to spend on the voting queues, which will increase the rate of voter turnout.
• Michelle Obama American Dream Speech Analysis – Michelle’s purpose was to introduce her husband as man who was more concerned about the common citizens’ concerns and who was willing and able to help everyone to realize his/her American dream because he himself […]
• Democracy in America: Critical Summary The book, “Democracy in America” by Alexis de Tocqueville defines the thoughts of the author on various aspects of America from the angles of social, political, security, and the need for appreciation of diversity especially […]
• Inequality and American Democracy The gap between the rich and the poor is greatly increasing owing to disparities in income especially in the private and the civil sectors.
• Islam, Democracy and the West Summary Neither is the language used in the Holy Quran, nor the succession of the Holy Prophet by the divided Shiite and Sunni communities.
• Is America a True Democracy? It is a fact that the United States was the first country in the world to have a democratic constitution. Electoral College The Electoral College is another process that puts democracy of the United States […]
• In what Ways Did American Culture Become More Democratic in the Early 19th Century The latter were used as instruments for airing the voices of the people. The party was keen in drawing the attention of workers who were facing the hard times of industrial revolution.
• Differences and Similarities Between Democracy and Authoritarian Government Essay This implies that the citizens have a way of participating in the formation of the rules and laws by which they are governed. The laws that govern the rights of people and the economy are […]
• Was Kant Wrong to Argue that Democracy Brings Peace Between States? To a large extent, it can be analyzed that Kant had formulated the problem of constitutionalism by stating that “The constitution of a state is eventually based on the morals of its citizens, which in […]
• How Does Revolutionary Communism Compare With Democratic Socialism? Revolutionary communism holds it that the capitalism would never let go of their hold on community and political power and as such, only a violent revolution can result in the changes that communism calls for.
• Democracy’s Problems and Principles However, the debates that have been going on as people touched upon the question of homosexuality as not a deviation, but something that has the right to exist, the reaction was bios and very emotional.
• Democracy in the Policy of United States of America This is because, in the case of democracy, there is freedom of expression and the public is free to participate in sociopolitical activities.
• Importance of News in Democracy The journalists are always on the lookout for areas of socio political and economic importance with the aim of reporting to the people in order to attract the required responses which may alter the sociopolitical […]
• History of the Role of Democracy in the World One common characteristic that I have observed in the development of democracy is a trend whereby democracy first took root in the empowered ruling class, before spreading to other segments of the society.
• China’s Democracy Perspective and Practice Also, the right to work and live in a house of your own as granted by the state is still regulated by the market forces of labor.
• The Democratic Process in Canada: The Role Played by Political Parties More specifically, the paper analyzes the political parties within the context of the Canadian form of democracy. The author is of the belief that political parties facilitate the democratic process in the country.
• The Need for Ethical Leadership and Governance in Democracy Some patriots have had an impact on the leadership of the United States since the declaration of its independence. The relationship between the government and its citizens has strategically evolved since the declaration of independence […]
• The Required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan The government of Afghanistan deserves to promote and encourage the minorities’ rights as provided for in the constitution. Access to justice and the rule of law is appropriate for the Afghan government in the wake […]
• Concept of Democratic Education Theory The learners have greater voice on what to learn and are involved in discussing the content and the structure of their curriculum.
• Democratization and the Indigenous Languages of Mexico and Venezuela Over the years, one of the results of the rise of the new indigenous movements has been the transformation of the national political cultures and the recognition of the realities of ethnic diversity and cultural […]
• Democratic Influence on Public Policies The key democratic points highlighted by the wiles are concerning with the way the detainees are treated before the courts. The judicial process normally violate the way the cases are separated and dealt with by […]
• History of Athenian Democracy There were three main bodies that governed the affairs of Athens and they were the assembly, the council and the courts all which were run by representatives of the people.
• Democracy System of Government In a democratic society, the freedoms as written in the constitution to administrate the government due to the fact that independent judicial and law enforcement agencies are constructed within the government.
• The Relationship between Democracy and Islam in Indonesia Islam has played a crucial role in the research on the compatibility in Islam and democracy, in elections and in the building of a civil society in Indonesia.
• How Development Leads To Democracy Change in the two sets of values is brought about by modernization and is seen to set the stage for modernization
• The Complex Term of Democracy The second face of democracy is that of rights and liberties consisting of given basic rights and freedoms that the law to citizenry must guarantee.
• Understanding Greek Culture’s Influence on Democratic Ideas In order to understand the Greek culture’s influence to the way Western Europe idea of democracy, the discussion will touch on the history of Greece and the rise of democracy and the influence of Greek […]
• Democracy in Canada Though Canada is among the countries which are highly ranked in the realms of democracy around the world, it has a number of limitations and in-adequacies within its political system.
• Transition to Democracy in Latin America Democratic transition and cultural reforms taking place in Latin America has elicited feelings of dissatisfaction and disappointment as well as increased expectations of sustainable progress and change that is certain to be initiated by democracy […]
• Policy Mechanisms for Trade Reform in a Democracy This generalization-based approach is valuable for understanding the main factors affecting the choice of the mechanisms of the trade reform in comparison to other examples from the world and national history.
• What is ‘Liberal Representative Democracy’ and Does the Model Provide an Appropriate Combination of Freedom and Equality? Freedom and equality are guaranteed under this form of democracy because they are enshrined in the constitution which is always the supreme law of a given country.
• Democracy and Dictatorship As a matter of fact, the paths above show some means that connect political and economic composition of a community to a political institution. The panorama of the existing democracy in this path is weak […]
• The Main Impacts of the Civil War in the Democratic Republic of Congo However, as a result of the paradox of the plenty, much of these natural resources have resulted in the death and destruction of man, decline in economic growth and political unrest.
• Democratic Governments Role in the Global Economy Milton argues that, while fiscal policies by governments are viewed by many as ways of helping the economy grow, they in fact make the economy to be smaller and less stable.
• Democratization Process in Argentina None of the coups were instigated externally, as was the case in most parts of Central America; neither had the coups ever been caused by indirect involvement of external forces, as was the case of […]
• Regime Trajectories: Structuralist and Process-Oriented Views In contrast to the structuralist approach, the process-oriented scholars emphasized the importance of the mass consciousness affecting the changes in the political regimes.
• Can democracy be spread by force? Eventually, the kind of leadership that was characterized by dictatorship and the oppression of the poor and the disadvantaged in the society had to cede power, sending a strong message to the rest of the […]
• Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force to Effective Democracy The heroes in the democratic battles did not and could not be persuaded that the destiny of their nations would based either on the contemporary levels of progress and advancement or by the far-away past […]
• Unitary versus Adversary Democracy In this chapter, the author conducts a critical analysis of the unitary model of democracy. The author concurs that success of a democracy model depends on the extent to which members cultivate a platform for […]
• Democracy and Reform’s Trilemma The ease in the achievement of consensus among small groups is adverted to the placement of a higher value of harmony of the whole group, as well as the ease with which members of the […]
• What is the Relationship between Capitalism and Democracy? The importance of the roles played by the stock market in the capitalistic economy is related considerably to the aspects of democracy and free market.
• The Concept of Democracy by Force In the absence of democracy, countries experience chaos and civil war, something that compels powerful nations to introduce the concept of democracy by force.
• Ancient Greek Democracy that Still Makes People Strive for Perfection Thus, Greek dreams of a perfect society where everyone is happy resulted in the creation of the first democracy in the world.
• The Probability for Libya to Become a Democracy In spite of the fact the situation of ceasing Qadhafi’s rule provides the political opposition with a lot of opportunities to change the regime in relation to the democratic basics, there are more limits for […]
• Similarities and Differences Between Communism and Democratic Socialism This is because, according to the proponents of both ideologies, in Capitalist countries, the majority of ordinary citizens are denied the right to have a fair share in the national wealth.
• Views of American Muslims on Democracy In this regard, the research would take the form of a survey whereby the researcher identifies the sample population and posts questionnaires to them.
• Social Construction of “Race” and “Racism” and Its Relationship to Democratic Racism in Canada This is ideology withdraws the ideas of multiculturalism in Canada due to the lack of social and political support to alter structures and organizations of social institutions, including justice system, education, and police.
• The Liberal Position of Democrats and Republicans In this regard, the right to own property and the principles of capitalism are given great emphasis whenever leaders stand to speak to the public.
• Democratic Racism in Canada The Canadian residents and institutions function on the basis of collective denial of the existing racial confrontation, which admits the presence of democratic racism.
• Three Important Features of our Democracy The system of governance is accountable to the people meaning that the leaders have to be concerned about the rule of law and defense of the fundamental rights of their citizens.
• Democracy strategy for the Middle East countries The U.S.failed to recognize that the success of freedom depends on the readiness of the free people to sacrifice; therefore, the people of the region, not the American people, must make these sacrifices.
• Brazil: Embracing Structural Changes to Consolidate Democracy Democracy is built on the political landscape and the presence of a volatile landscape in the Latin America region has raised a lot of questions concerning the possibility of the countries in the region to […]
• Democracy and Custom in Samoa From the perspective of modern democracy, the author concludes that customs and traditions that are in the constitution of Samoa are not essential because they hinder the development of democracy in the country.
• Democracy and Power in Online World On the other hand, many political leaders have gained fame and popularity thanks to the internet and as such, the internet has played the pivotal role of a medium for the attainment of true democracy.
• Democracy Measures in United Kingdom, France, Japan and China The state should be beholden to the whims and will of the citizens. Finally, the autocracy scale is subtracted from the democracy scale and the difference taken and put on the resultant scale of -10 […]
• Amu Chua: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability In her book World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability, Amu Chua comes up with somewhat controversial thesis as to the fact that, contrary to what is being […]
• Taxes, Capitalism, and Democracy: Karl Marx VS Plato The claims in the media belong to the camp of freedom and community. Marx argued that taxation is one of the reasons that will force workers to challenge the elites in society.
• Democratic Space is Relevant in Early Childhood Education In day to day life, I have discovered that the majority of trainers and practitioners in early childhood fail to consider the development of early leadership knowledge. This stage is important in the development of […]
• Capitalism, Democracy and the Treaty of Waitangi are three ways through which we in Aotearoa ‘organise’ ourselves The treaty gave the sovereignty of the New Zealand to Britain which was supposed to oversee the government and protection of the rights of the Maori people, especially to protect them from unfair land deals.
• FDR’s New Deal: Democratic Platform In addition, it is necessary to investigate how the president Roosevelt delivered his speech with the help of the first radio address with the suggestions of the New Deal as the program that was aimed […]
• Democracy and Economic Growth: Asia-Pacific Region Experiences Kalpana and Jolly describe that to date, communication industry in the Asia-pacific area have been boosted by flexible and mobile networks and the relevant maintenance of data systems. The maintenance of high economic growth reduces […]
• What Is More Valuable in a Liberal Democracy: Positive or Negative Liberty? In the understanding of the concept of liberty, it is equally important to underscore the fact that it promotes freedom within a society.
• What Is Democratic Consolidation? It is important to note that regimes in the ‘gray zone” are those that are in the third wave of democratization.
• Danish Aid to Africa: Implication for Civil Society & Democracy Through the collaboration of the civil society, Denmark has been in a position to offer aid through the support of the civil society.
• Is Majority Rule Democratic? The other concept of democracy is that the rulers are supposed to be elected by the ruled and act in the interest of the ruled.
• How Does Turkey’s Greater Democratization Influence the Handling of the Cyprus Dispute? Majority of the Greek Cypriots hoped for a union of Cyprus with Greece while the majority of Turkish Cypriots supported the division of the island between the two motherlands of Turkey and Greece.
• Rohr and Rosenbloom on Democracy Rohr moves to correct the trouble of governmental authority According to Rohr, the civil service must accomplish the tasks the Founders intended initially for the Senate.
• Partial Democracy and Governance Assessment in Egypt Before becoming the president in Egypt, Mubarak had served in the military and even as a minister of defense in the country.
• Liberal Democracy, Anti-Semitism And The Holocaust The Nazis and other populist political movements in Germany believed that the Jews had undue influence in the country through their prominent positions in the media and the financial system4.
• “The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy” by Rodrik, D The book focuses on the globalization trends and the competing interests of nationalism and internationalism. This is one of the aspects of paradox that the author of this book is talking about.
• Should Democracy Be Adopted by All Nations? Freedom is one of the main objectives of adopting democracy in a nation. During the process of making laws, the needs and preferences of citizens are considered and incorporated in to the laws.
• Plato and Aristotle: Criticisms of Democracy To speak of it in our present time, there are only a few people who are given the power of ‘sound judgement about what is right and what is wrong’ and should have the power […]
• How Chinese Cultural Revolution Influenced Modern Democracy in China Unfortunately, the fact that the proletariat was going to be at the helm of the state destroyed any possibility of establishing the principles of democracy and equality in China at the moment.
• Copyright and Democratic Governance The first part of the chapter discusses the role of civil society and its association with democratic governance. The market may be a barrier to the advancement of the democratic character of civil societies.
• Islam and Democracy in Egypt Overall, it is possible to argue that Mubarak resisted the growing role of Sharia in the legislative system of this country, but he had to recognize the importance of Islam for the culture of the […]
• Leadership Styles: Democratic, Autocratic and Laissez-faire According to McNichol and Hamer, the participative approach, compared to the other styles, enhances the productivity of employees for a prolonged period of time as it encourages cooperation and increases staff morale. As a democratic […]
• Is Sectarianism an Obstacle to the Democratization of Iraq? The aftermath of the 2003 war that initiated by the United States was formation of different social and political factions that opposed each other.
• Form of Political Ideology: Social Democracy In the modern society, individuals are willing to submit themselves to totalitarian rule because of the effects of democracy. In society, the government needs to ensure that the interests of various groups are achieved.
• Principles of Democratic Structuring Moreover, the aspect of accountability is evident in any structure, as staffs have specific duties to deliver, failure to which they become answerable to the entire team.
• Democracy and Global Peace Opponents of democracy argue that it forces governments to intervene in other states’ affairs in the name of restoring peace. In other words, the spread of democracy discourages the growth of common interests that lead […]
• The Democratic Peace Theory: Merits and Demerits Chioza et al.say that among the reasons that makes it possible to intertwine the democratic peace theory with the liberal theory is that many countries are in dire need of peace. There is a good […]
• Possibility of Attaining a Democracy in the Middle East The research objectives are summarised as: To establish the perceptions of the Syrians on the current stage of democracy in Syria To make recommendations and suggestions on how the current stage of democracy can be […]
• Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy The essay also examines the importance of the concept of economic and political liberalism and the relationship between liberalism and democracy.
• The Foundation of Democracy: Waiting for the King to Come Once choosing the man who is bound to lead the country to another victory over the economical standstill, the financial complicacies and the international misconceptions arising between the United States and the rest of the […]
• The National Curriculum for England and Wales from an Ideal Democratic Learning Society Perspective The National Curriculum of England and Wales is based on the ideology of “curriculum as prescription” as is evidence from the rigidity of the curriculum.
• Major Shifts in the Politics of Republican and Democratic Parties From the 1930s onwards until 1960s, the politics of the Democratic Party was primarily shaped by working-class Americans, a tremendous shift in the history of the party.
• Propaganda in the Democratic Society The article focuses on the effects of propaganda on the democracy. In the article, he focuses on his experiences in the media industry with respect to the past and the present news.
• Outbreak Democratic Institutions The rational choice theory is linked to the direct democratic system, in the sense that it provides rational opportunity to the voters who are engaged in direct participation in decision making as opposed to when […]
• Peace and Democracy: US Impacts in the Middle East However, the aim is to determine the view of those individuals who are for the rules and policies that the United States has formulated towards the Middle East and its impacts on the region and […]
• Machiavelli’s Views on Democratization and Their Relation to Modern Politics The process of democratization leads to democracy, and to understand the current interest of the public to democratization, it is important to focus on the historical roots of the concept’s evolution.
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• Human Development: Democratization and Economy’ Relations Economic development refers to the increase in the wellbeing of a society both qualitatively and quantitatively. In a nutshell, democratization and economic development are complementary issues in the process of human development.
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• What Is True Majority Democracy Is About?
• How Has the Magna Carta Affected American Democracy?
• What Are the Pros and Cons of Pressure Groups on Democracy in the United Kingdom?
• How Does the Population of the United States Fight for Democracy?
• What Challenges Are Posed by International Terrorism to Democracy?
• What Hope Can Democracy Bring to S&T Policy Making in Latin America?
• What Is the Relationship Between Democracy and Religion?
• Why Japan Was Able To Build a Successful Democracy?
• What Is the Role of Political Parties in Democracy?
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• What Are the Defining Elements of Democracy Politics?
• Why Does the American Democracy Not Work?
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• What Characteristics Are Vital for a Democracy To Succeed?
• What Are the Unique Traits of Athenian Democracy?
• Where Is Indian Democracy Heading Today?
• What Is the Role of Cultural Factors in Moving a Country Towards Liberal Democracy?
• What Was Wrong With the Ancient Athenian Democracy?
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Essay on Democracy

• Updated on  
• Nov 23, 2022

The oldest account of democracy can be traced back to 508–507 BCC Athens . Today there are over 50 different types of democracy across the world. But, what is the ideal form of democracy ? Why is democracy considered the epitome of freedom and rights around the globe? Let’s explore what self-governance is and how you can write a creative and informative essay on democracy and its significance. 

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What is democracy , sample essay on democracy (100 words), sample essay on democracy (250 to 300 words), sample essay on democracy for upsc (500 words).

Democracy is a form of government in which the final authority to deliberate and decide the legislation for the country lies with the people, either directly or through representatives. Within a democracy, the method of decision-making, and the demarcation of citizens vary among countries. However, some fundamental principles of democracy include the rule of law, inclusivity, political deliberations, voting via elections , etc. 

Did you know: On 15th August 1947, India became the world’s largest democracy after adopting the Indian Constitution and granting fundamental rights to its citizens?

Must Explore: Human Rights Courses for Students 

Democracy where people make decisions for the country is the only known form of governance in the world that promises to inculcate principles of equality, liberty and justice. The deliberations and negotiations to form policies and make decisions for the country is the basis on which the government works, with supreme power to people to choose their representatives, delegate the country’s matters and express their dissent. The democratic system is usually of two types, the presidential system, and the parliamentary system. In India, the three pillars of democracy, namely legislature, executive and judiciary, working independently and still interconnected, along with a free press and media provide a structure for a truly functional democracy. Despite the longest-written constitution incorporating values of sovereignty, socialism, secularism etc. India, like other countries, still faces challenges like corruption, bigotry, and oppression of certain communities and thus, struggles to stay true to its democratic ideals.

Did you know: Some of the richest countries in the world are democracies?

Must Read : Consumer Rights in India

As Abraham Lincoln once said, “democracy is the government of the people, by the people and for the people.” There is undeniably no doubt that the core of democracies lies in making people the ultimate decision-makers. With time, the simple definition of democracy has evolved to include other principles like equality, political accountability, rights of the citizens and to an extent, values of liberty and justice. Across the globe, representative democracies are widely prevalent, however, there is a major variation in how democracies are practised. The major two types of representative democracy are presidential and parliamentary forms democracy. Moreover, not all those who present themselves as a democratic republic follow its values.

Many countries have legally deprived some communities to live with dignity and protect their liberty, or are practising authoritarian rule through majoritarianism or populist leaders. Despite this, one of the things that are central and basic to all is the practice of elections and voting. However, even in such a case, the principles of universal adult franchise and the practice of free and fair elections are theoretically essential but very limited in practice, for a democracy. Unlike several other nations, India is still, at least constitutionally and principally, a practitioner of an ideal democracy.

With our three organs of the government, namely legislative, executive and judiciary, the constitutional rights to citizens, a multiparty system, laws to curb discrimination and spread the virtues of equality, protection to minorities, and a space for people to discuss, debate and dissent, India has shown a commitment towards democratic values. In recent times, with challenges to freedom of speech, rights of minority groups and a conundrum between the protection of diversity and unification of the country, the debate about the preservation of democracy has become vital to public discussion.

Did you know: In countries like Brazil, Scotland, Switzerland, Argentina, and Austria the minimum voting age is 16 years?

Also Read: Difference Between Democracy and Dictatorship

Democracy originated from the Greek word dēmokratiā , with dēmos ‘people’ and Kratos ‘rule.’ For the first time, the term appeared in the 5th century BC to denote the political systems then existing in Greek city-states, notably Classical Athens, to mean “rule of the people.” It now refers to a form of governance where the people have the right to participate in the decision-making of the country. Majorly, it is either direct democracy where citizens deliberate and make legislation while in representative democracy, they choose government officials on their behalf, like in a parliamentary or presidential democracy.

The presidential system (like in the USA) has the President as the head of the country and the government, while the parliamentary system (like in UK and India) has both a Prime Minister who derives its legitimacy from a parliament and even has a nominal head like a monarch or a President.

The notions and principle frameworks of democracy have evolved with time. At the core, lies the idea of political discussions and negotiations. In contrast to its alternatives like monarchy, anarchy, oligarchy etc., it is the one with the most liberty to incorporate diversity. The ideas of equality, political representation to all, active public participation, the inclusion of dissent, and most importantly, the authority to the law by all make it an attractive option for citizens to prefer, and countries to follow.

The largest democracy in the world, India with the lengthiest constitution has tried and to an extent, successfully achieved incorporating the framework to be a functional democracy. It is a parliamentary democratic republic where the President is head of the state and the Prime minister is head of the government. It works on the functioning of three bodies, namely legislative, executive, and judiciary. By including the principles of a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic, and undertaking the guidelines to establish equality, liberty and justice, in the preamble itself, India shows true dedication to achieving the ideal.

It has formed a structure that allows people to enjoy their rights, fight against discrimination or any other form of suppression, and protect their rights as well. The ban on all and any form of discrimination, an independent judiciary, governmental accountability to its citizens, freedom of media and press, and secular values are some common values shared by all types of democracies.

Across the world, countries have tried rooting their constitution with the principles of democracy. However, the reality is different. Even though elections are conducted everywhere, mostly, they lack freedom of choice and fairness. Even in the world’s greatest democracies, there are challenges like political instability, suppression of dissent, corruption , and power dynamics polluting the political sphere and making it unjust for the citizens. Despite the consensus on democracy as the best form of government, the journey to achieve true democracy is both painstaking and tiresome. 

Did you know: Countries like Singapore, Peru, and Brazil have compulsory voting?

Must Read: Democracy and Diversity Class 10 Notes

Democracy is a process through which the government of a country is elected by and for the people.

Yes, India is a democratic country and also holds the title of the world’s largest democracy.

Direct and Representative Democracy are the two major types of Democracy.

Hope you learned from our essay on democracy! For more exciting articles related to writing and education, follow Leverage Edu on Facebook , Youtube , Instagram , and LinkedIn .

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Sonal is a creative, enthusiastic writer and editor who has worked extensively for the Study Abroad domain. She splits her time between shooting fun insta reels and learning new tools for content marketing. If she is missing from her desk, you can find her with a group of people cracking silly jokes or petting neighbourhood dogs.

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Home — Essay Samples — Government & Politics — Forms of Government — Democracy

Essays on Democracy

The concepts and fundamental principles of democracy, what is functioning democracy and its specification, the concept of democracy and non-democracy, the importance of participation for democracy, the challenges to democracy in "twelve angry men", strengthening democracy through ensuring the rights of the marginalised, role of civil society in democracy today, the government’s right to rule and citizens’ duty to obey in a democracy, the sacrifices of creating democracy, digital democracy and internet freedom, effectively composed parliament through proper electoral system, discussion on whether prisoners should have right to vote, comparing and contrasting analysis of the maximalist and minimalist democracy, democracy: the influence of interest groups on political decisions through lobbying, the possibility of countries in the middle east to ever become democratic, the present situation with democracy in bangladesh, the controversial question of the use of civil disobedience as a method of protest in a democracy, the "bull moose" campaign of 1912, the american constitution as not the only possible basis for the democratic system, successful consolidation of democracy in nigeria & india, evaluation of plato's view of democracy, nigeria’s democracy in the era of fake news, political significance of social media, research of how loss of reputation has played a major role in the decline of indian national congress, the age of jacksonian democracy in america, questioning democracy in thoreau's and melville's works, how pluralist democracy are affected by pressure groups, the state of democracy in africa, should the electoral college be abolished: essay, socrates and athenian democracy and citizenship, feeling stressed about your essay.

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